Space junk, also known as orbital debris, is any human-made object that is no longer in use and remains in orbit around the Earth. Space junk can include defunct satellites, spent rocket stages, fragments from collisions or explosions, and even paint flakes or bolts. According to the European Space Agency (ESA), there are more than 34,000 objects larger than 10 cm, about 900,000 objects between 1 and 10 cm, and more than 128 million objects smaller than 1 cm in orbit. Space junk poses a serious threat to the safety and sustainability of space activities, as well as the environment and society on Earth. Space junk can travel at speeds of up to 28,000 km/h, which means that even a small piece of debris can cause significant damage or destruction to an operational satellite or spacecraft. This can result in the loss of valuable services such as communication, navigation, weather forecasting, or scientific research. Moreover, space junk can create more debris through collisions or break-up...